I started my career as an R & D engineer at Total. My main research theme was crystalline silicon photovoltaic cells on which I studied the physico-chemical properties of vacuum deposited materials in order to increase the photovoltaic conversion efficiency. This work was part of the projects of the photovoltaic institute of Île-de-France (IPVF) in collaboration with EDF, Air Liquide, Horiba Jobin-Yvon, Riber, the CNRS and École Polytechnique. I subsequently left Total’s R & D to move to the development of renewable energy plants (solar, wind, biomass …)