1 – INTRODUCTIONo Course overview, course expectations, review of the historical evolution of seismic methods.
o Seismic applications in oil and gas E&P processes: from regional scale, block scale, prospect scale, to appraisal and development stages.

2 – 3D SEISMIC ACQUISITION
o Fundamentals of acoustic waves propagation
o Characteristics of main acquisition systems in marine and land domains
o Imperfections of seismic measurements and their consequence on interpretation
o Recent development in acquisition techniques, and adaptation of methods to specific problems or environments.

3 – 3D SEISMIC PROCESSING
o Description of standard processing sequence
o Migrations: post-stack and pre-stack, in time and depth domains. Interpreter’s implication.
o Anisotropic processing, and advanced processing techniques.

4 – ESSENTIAL FIRST STEPS: WELL TIE and CALIBRATION
o Initial review of seismic dataset: footprints, wavelet characterization, resolution, preliminary geological concepts.
o Seismic tie to well data in time and in depth domains. Check-shots, synthetic seismograms, VSP, anisotropy. Use of well data for seismic inversion and modeling.
o Other calibration means: use of geological knowledge and non-seismic geophysical techniques.

5 – HORIZONS AND FAULTS PICKING
o Techniques and tools for horizon and fault picking on different displays.
o Review and applications of various attributes
o Pitfalls
o Field examples and hands-on exercises

6 – STRUCTURAL AND STRATIGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION
o Structural interpretation, with emphasis on compressive and gravity tectonics.
o Seismic stratigraphy, with emphasis on deltaic environment:
o Specific environments: carbonates, salt tectonics.

7 – DEPTH CONVERSION, GRIDDING AND MAPPING
o Velocity and depth conversion: choice of model for depth conversion.
o Gridding: use of kriging method. 3D seismic map to well tie.
o Mapping

8 – DIRECT HYDROCARBON INDICATORS (DHIs)
o Fluid effects on full stack cubes: effects on polarity and amplitudes, bright spots, flat spots.
o Fluid effects according to angle (AVO): physical principle, classification of sands.
o Tools to be used: swaths, attributes on amplitudes, partial stacks, Intercept/Gradient displays
o Pitfalls: tuning effect, diagenetic effects, gas hydrates, carbonates string, “fizzy water”, etc.
o Review of examples. Quiz

9 – 3-D SEISMIC INTERPRETATION FOR RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT
o For drilling: geo-hazards, abnormal pressures prediction.
o For appraisal: delineation of accumulation, reserves estimate, relating seismic attributes to reservoir parameters, reservoir modeling, location of producers and injectors.
o For development: geosteering, 4D and time-lapse seismic monitoring.

10 – OTHER METHODS
o 3 components acquisition, processing and interpretation. Review of some application cases.
o 4D seismic
o Passive seismic for unconventional resources.

11 – SUMMARY OF 3D CASES STUDIES AROUND THE WORLD
o Review of 3D and 4D successful applications worldwide for finding hydrocarbons and enhancing petroleum recovery.
o Lessons learnt by selected historical failure cases.